The Indian government is taking proactive steps to prevent the spread of mpox (formerly known as monkeypox), following its declaration as a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organisation (WHO). With a robust surveillance strategy, the Union Health Ministry has issued advisories to states and Union Territories to remain vigilant and prepared.

What is Mpox?

Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease that presents symptoms similar to those of smallpox, though typically milder. The virus can spread through close contact with an infected person, contaminated materials, or infected animals. Common symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic rash that can last for two to four weeks.

Current Situation in India

As of the latest reports, India has detected isolated cases of mpox. Most of these were travel-related infections, with no evidence of community spread. In response, the government has ramped up health screening at airports and has instructed hospitals to prepare isolation facilities​.

Government Measures and Guidelines

1. Enhanced Surveillance and Screening: The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) is actively monitoring potential clusters of mpox cases. The government has intensified health screenings at all points of entry, including airports and seaports, to identify and isolate any suspect cases early on​.
2. Isolation Facilities: Several hospitals in Delhi, including Safdarjung, Ram Manohar Lohia, and Lady Hardinge, have been designated as nodal centers for managing and treating mpox cases. Isolation wards with dedicated beds have been prepared in these hospitals to accommodate confirmed and suspected cases​.
3. Training for Healthcare Workers: Special attention is being given to healthcare workers, especially those in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, to recognize early signs of mpox and follow the necessary protocols to manage patients​
4. Public Awareness: The Health Ministry has urged states to launch awareness campaigns to educate communities about the disease, its modes of transmission, and the importance of early reporting of symptoms. At the same time, they emphasize avoiding unnecessary panic​.

FAQs

Q1: What should I do if I develop mpox symptoms?

If you develop symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash, you should immediately seek medical attention. Avoid close contact with others and inform healthcare providers about your symptoms and travel history.

Q2: Is there a vaccine for mpox?

While smallpox vaccines provide some protection against mpox, they are not yet widely recommended for the general public. Healthcare workers and those in high-risk groups may receive the vaccine under specific guidelines.

Q3: How is India preventing the spread of mpox?

India is enhancing surveillance at all entry points, setting up isolation facilities in hospitals, and conducting awareness campaigns to inform the public and healthcare providers about the disease and its prevention.

Q4: Is mpox the same as monkeypox?

Yes, mpox was previously known as monkeypox. The name change was recommended to avoid stigma and discrimination.

Q5: Can mpox be fatal?

While most mpox cases are mild and self-limiting, severe cases can occur, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to managing the disease effectively.